September 2020 - Comp-neuro - lists.cnsorg.org

postdocs with Peter Dayan in Tübingen
by Peter Dayan 28 Sep '20

28 Sep '20

Postdoc(s) in Neural Reinforcement Learning / Computational Psychiatry (m/f/d) 100% Peter Dayan is looking to hire one or more postdocs (100%) to work in the areas of neural reinforcement learning, computational neuromodulation, and computational psychiatry. These positions will start in the Faculty of Science, Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, as part of an Alexander-von-Humboldt Professorship award. There are also targeted positions on the computational anatomy of cortico-striatal connections (funded by a collaborative NIH grant with Professor Suzanne Haber) and with the International Brain Lab (a large collaboration with 20 other investigators, funded by the Simons Foundation). Peter Dayan has an affiliation with the University of Tübingen and the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics and collaboration is expected. The salary will be paid in accordance with the collective agreement for the public sector (salary at E13 TV-L, commensurate to experience and qualifications). The positions are available immediately, and are initially limited to two years (with the possibility of extension). Please direct scientific inquiries to dayan(a)tue.mpg.de and administrative inquiries to susan.fischer(a)tue.mpg.de. Responsibilities include: • Planning and carrying out research projects, for instance building theories and computational models of data from human and animal experiments, conducting experiments, analysing behavioural and neural data, writing and editing scientific papers/reports. • Helping to mentor and supervise student projects. • Participating in scientific conferences. • Helping to organize and conduct collaborations in Tübingen as well as nationally and internationally • Helping with building and running an effective academic lab environment at the intersection between the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics and the science and medical faculties at the University of Tübingen. The successful candidate(s) should have a PhD in computational neuroscience or related fields. Proficiency in a high level mathematical or statistically-oriented programming language such as python, R, Julia or matlab, and intimate familiarity with advanced data analysis are essential. The candidate(s) should be able to work independently and troubleshoot and should show good capacity and value for teamwork and communication skills. The University of Tübingen is one of the Excellence Universities in Germany. It is home to a vibrant research community, with very strong research activity in Neuroscience and Clinical Psychology / Psychiatry as well as Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. We offer an open research culture, where original thinking and academic merit are encouraged and nurtured, and encourage applications from all nationalities, backgrounds, and genders. The University of Tübingen is dedicated to increase the percentage of female employees in the field of science. Therefore, female candidates are strongly encouraged to apply. Applications should include a CV, a list of publications, summaries of scientific achievements and research plans, the position for which the application is intended, and the names and contact details of three referees. Applications should be sent in a single PDF to: susan.fischer(a)tue.mpg.de Applications arriving before June 30th 2020 will receive full consideration.

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Join us at the NMC 3.0 conference, Oct 26-30, submissions open now
by Brad Wyble 27 Sep '20

27 Sep '20

Dear Neuroscience Community, We are excited to announce the launch of Neuromatch Conference (Oct 26-30). The Neuromatch team has been working hard to bring a virtual conference that accepts submissions from all areas of neuroscience, and where all relevant submissions are accepted as a talk! Our goal with this conference is to provide a place where neuroscientists from all over the world get to share research ideas and come together as a community! We’re working hard to make it the most inclusive neuroscience meeting that has ever existed. The deadline for submissions is October 2, 2020, so we encourage you to get your abstracts ready now! There is a $25 registration fee but this is waivable (no validation required) for anyone who cannot pay to attend for any reason. Please view our website for more information regarding submission and registration: neuromatch.io <http://neuromatch.io/>j The conference will be organized by themes, tailored to fit your area of research best. These themes will be: Theme A: Developmental Disorders and Injury Theme B: Excitability, Synapses, and Glia Theme C: Sensory & Motor Systems, and Physiology & Behavior Theme D: Cognition, Motivation and Emotion Theme E: Computation and Techniques Theme F: History, Education, and Society We developed algorithms that will allow us to place you in a virtual room with other scientists and attendees who are interested in similar topics, therefore ensuring an audience that is excited about your talk. The talks will have two formats, and you will be able to choose which one you prefer - Traditional Talk: 12-minute talk plus 3-minute Q&A - Interactive Talk: 5-minute talk plus 10-minute Q&A (this talk is focused on discussion) We hope that you will attend the Neuromatch Conference and consider submitting your abstract for presentation! We would love to hear from you and see everyone’s latest results.. Best wishes, The Neuromatch Team Please follow our social media and visit our website for regular updates @Neuromatch <https://twitter.com/neuromatch?lang=en> @Neuromatch <https://www.instagram.com/neuromatch/> neuromatch.io -- Brad Wyble Associate Professor Psychology Department Penn State University http://wyblelab.com

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2 postdoc positions in computational neuroscience
by Alain Destexhe 27 Sep '20

27 Sep '20

Dear Colleagues, Please pass on these two positions that we have for postdocs in computational neuroscience at the Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience - many thanks. best, Alain ---------------- 2 POSTDOC POSITIONS AVAILABLE Two postdoc positions are available for computational and theoretical studies in the framework of the Human Brain Project. The theoretical work associated to these two postdoctoral positions consists of (1) investigating models and mathematical techniques to model decision making phenomena (in collaboration with Rubem Moreno-Bote in Barcelona), and (2) investigate models of sensory perception, up to consciousness (in collaboration with Fanis Panagiotaropoulos and Stan Dehaene at NeuroSpin). Both postdocs will be supervised by A. Desyexhe and will work in tight collaboration with the European Institute for Theoretical Neuroscience (EITN). DETAILS OF THE FIRST POSTDOC POSITION: We are seeking for a postdoc position in the framework of a project called "COREDEM", and which was recently integrated in the Human Brain Project European flaghsip. COREDEM aims at conceiving decision making models based on electrophysiological recordings in human and monkey, and ultimately test these models on neuromorphic and neuro-robotic applications. The project comprises a significant computational neuroscience component consisting mainly of two laboratories, Alain Destexhe at the CNRS and Paris-Saclay University, and Ruben Moreno-Bote at the UPF in Barcelona. We will consider spiking models that will compare parallel and sequential strategies to decision making, in a way constrained by unit recordings in monkey and human. Mean-field models will be derived from the spiking models, and such mean-field models will be incorporated in large-scale models of interacting brain areas. Both spiking and mean-field models will be integrated in neuromorphic SpiNNaker computers to be simulated in real time, to open the possibility of being used in real-time applications such as neuro-robotics. The postdoc can begin as early as January 2021, and latest on March 2021, and will be for a 2-year period. We expect that candidates have prior experience either in computational neuroscience, or in decision making. The working environment is the Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (NeuroPSI) of the CNRS, which comprises 22 research labs in experimental and computational neuroscience, mixed in the same environment. The postdoc will thus interact on a daily basis with experimentalists and theoreticians, and regular visits to the experimental labs of COREDEM (Stefano Ferraina from Rome and Tom Theys from Leuven) are planned. The postdoc will also interact strongly with the researchers and staff of Destexhe's lab at NeuroPSI, and will actively participate to the activities of the EITN. DETAILS OF THE SECOND POSTDOC POSITION: We are seeking for a postdoc position in the framework of a project called "BRICON", and which was recently integrated in the Human Brain Project European flaghsip. BRICON aims at investigating mechanisms of sensory perception and consciousness based on a strong interaction between computational models and experiments on human and monkey. The model will consider how the state of the brain interacts with external input and allows neural activity related to external input to propagate (or not) between brain areas. We will constrain the model based on unit recordings obtained in awake monkey collected by the experimental teams (Fanis Panagiotaropoulos and Stanislas Dehaene, NeuroSpin center). Models will start with conventional spiking neural networks, which then will be converted into population models using mean-field techniques. These mean-field model will then form the basis of whole-brain models simulated using The Virtual Brain platform of the HBP. The postdoc can begin as early as January 2021, and latet on June 2021, and will be for a 20 month period. We expect that candidates have prior experience either in computational neuroscience, or in sensory perception. The working environment is the Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (NeuroPSI) of the CNRS, which comprises 22 research labs in experimental and computational neuroscience, mixed in the same environment. The postdoc will thus interact on a daily basis with experimentalists and theoreticians, and regular visits to the experimental labs of BRICON (Panagiotaropoulos and Dehaene), who are working next-door in the NeuroSpin center. The postdoc will also interact strongly with the researchers and staff of Destexhe's lab at NeuroPSI, and will actively participate to the activities of the EITN. Interested candidates should send a CV and two recommendation letters at Alain Destexhe or email for more details. alain.destexhe (at) cnrs.fr Alain Destexhe Department of Integrative and Computational Neuroscience (ICN), Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (NeuroPSI), CNRS, Bat 33, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.

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Postdoctoral position data/knowledge management for open neuroscience
by Andrew Davison 25 Sep '20

25 Sep '20

Dear colleagues, A postdoctoral position in neuroscience data curation is available within the Neuroinformatics research group of the Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, led by Dr Andrew Davison. The Human Brain Project is developing an open data repository for neuroscience, following the FAIR principles of Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability. The role of our group is to strongly focus on Reusability, by ensuring that all datasets have high quality, in-depth metadata so that they can be used in model building, model validation, and further analysis, and by providing tools to facilitate data re-use. The position is available immediately, and is funded until 31st March 2023, with future extensions possible. Salary depends on experience, and will be on the standard CNRS research scale. Application is through the CNRS jobs portal: https://emploi.cnrs.fr/Offres/CDD/UMR9197-ANDDAV-006/Default.aspx?lang=EN Informal inquiries may be addressed to Andrew Davison (andrew.davison(a)cnrs.fr) Activities: The successful candidate will be responsible for developing and improving metadata schemas, protocols, and curation workflows for neural activity data (including patch clamp recordings, fluorescence imaging, multi-electrode array recordings and fMRI), and for coordinating the in-depth curation process. The project will involve intensive collaboration with other researchers, curators and software developers within the research group, within the Human Brain Project, and in the wider neuroscience/neuroinformatics communities. Qualifications: Applicants should have a PhD in either neuroscience, computer science, library/information science, or a closely related discipline, or be nearing completion of PhD studies in one of these domains. Experience with experimental methods in neuroscience, semantic web technologies and/or information management approaches will be of particular benefit. Knowledge of computer programming, in particular using the Python language, would also be an advantage. Knowledge of French would be helpful but is not required, as English is the working language of the project. Context: The Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (https://neuropsi.cnrs.fr/en/institute-home/) is part of the CNRS and Université Paris-Saclay, situated in Gif-sur-Yvette in the Paris region. The Davison team (https://neuropsi.cnrs.fr/en/icn-home/andrew-davison/) develops tools and methods for data sharing, modelling and simulation in neuroscience and brain-inspired computing. This position is funded by the Human Brain Project, an EU Flagship research project, within which more than 100 universities and research institutions collaborate to build a digital research infrastructure for neuroscience, brain-inspired computing and medicine.

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You are invited to DSP online course
by Maryam 24 Sep '20

24 Sep '20

You are invited to “DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING Online Course” Dear researcher; ScienceBeam, which is a forefront technology provider of neuroscience applications, would like to take the opportunity to invite you for 10-sessions “DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING Online Course” that is going to start on October 18,2020. During this course you will learn: • Discrete-time signals and systems • Z-Transform • Transform of continuous-time signals • Transform analysis of linear time invariant systems • Structures for discrete-time systems • Filter design • The discrete Fourier Transform • Computation of the discrete Fourier transform Dr. Luu Gia Thien is an experienced lecturer at Ho Chi Minh City with a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) focused in Digital signal processing from University of Orléans, France. Registration is open until October 5th. Special discount is considered for students. You won’t want to miss this! Don’t hesitate and register from the link below: https://sciencebeam.com/luu-gia-thien-course/ If you need more information please contact us via Whatsapp or Mail: Whatsapp number: +86 133 8078 1282 Email: workshop(a)sciencebeam.com www.sciencebeam.com

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Software engineer position in human brain project
by Eloy Retamino 23 Sep '20

23 Sep '20

Position: Neuro-robotics Software Engineer Location: Granada, Spain At the Applied Computational Neuroscience (ACN) Group [1], headed by Prof. Eduardo Ros and part of the Computer Architecture and Technology Department at University of Granada, we are engaged in developing robot controllers from models and techniques drawn from neuroscience. Concretely we focus on the exploration of models of the cerebellum and their application in robot control. We are looking for a software engineer to contribute to our tasks in the Human Brain Project (HBP) [2]. HBP is an ambitious, 10 years long research project funded by the European Commision and targeting the exploration of human cognition and its relation to brain structures and activity. The project is developing a series of simulation platforms to facilitate different levels of research in neuroscience. At UGR we participate in the design and development of the Neuro-Robotics Platform (NRP) [3], a research infrastructure which enables embodied simulated experiments in neuroscience in which a spiking neural simulator and a physics simulator run synchronously and communicate in a closed loop fashion. As a member of our group you will contribute to the development of the NRP in the last stage of the HBP. *Your tasks* Contribute to the full cycle development of the NRP. We have some interesting challenges in this last part of the HBP and need a motivated person with experience and passion for software architecture design, physics and neural simulation and robotics. As well, the NRP is built as a production grade software product and we try to take seriously all steps in the development, including unit testing, quality assurance and continuous integration. Depending on your profile you will focus more on particular tasks suiting your experience with the possibility of learning and applying new skills. *Your profile* * Basic skills: - Demonstrable excellent Python and C/C++ programming skills - Experience and participation in collaborative software projects - Experience and passion in robotics, machine learning, neural simulation and/or physics simulation is a big plus - Good spoken and written English skills * Additional skills: - Experience in other programming languages - Version Control software (eg. GIT) - Robotics oriented middlewares and frameworks (eg. ROS) - Experience in Software Architecture design - Experience in Real Time systems design - QA and devops experience *Our offer* - You will participate in an international research project of great relevance and collaborate with top european institutions - Contract of two and a half years with a competitive salary according to experience. Offered brute salary range is 1600 - 2400 €, to be concreted according to relevant experience and skills. - Short trips within Europe as part of the project activities. - Very nice and friendly atmosphere in the group - You will be based on Granada, an exciting and cultural city at the South of Spain half an hour away from mountains, snow and the beach If you are interested in joining our group and HBP send your application to Eloy Retamino (retamino at ugr.es) including your CV and a motivation letter. Please note that only shortlisted candidates will be contacted. Also, applications without a dedicated motivation letter will not be considered. [1] http://acn.ugr.es [2] https://www.humanbrainproject.eu [3] https://neurorobotics.net

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International Max Planck Research Schhol NeuroCom: Call for applications
by Martin Bogdan 23 Sep '20

23 Sep '20

Call for applications: International Max Planck Research Schhol NeuroCom: Call for applications The International Max Planck Research School on Neuroscience of Communication: Function, Structure, and Plasticity (IMPRS NeuroCom) invites excellent students holding a master's degree (or equivalent) to pursue a PhD in the field of cognitive neuroscience and methods in cognitive neuroscience. The IMPRS NeuroCom is based at the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, and Leipzig University. It also closely partners with the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, and the Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience at University College London, UK. Deadline for applications is 15 November 2020. Interviews will take place in January 2021. Start date is flexible, but not later than autumn 2021. For more information about our graduate school please visit: http://imprs-neurocom.mpg.de/home/ . The IMPRS NeuroCom aims to recruit and educate motivated, independent, self-organised and highly talented scientists who wish to extend their knowledge and research experience in a structured 3-year PhD programme in order to pursue a successful career in cognitive neuroscience, clinical neuroscience, neurophysics, or other methods in cognitive neuroscience. Students are expected to hold an excellent master's degree (or equivalent) in a wide spectrum of potential disciplines such as cognitive neuroscience, psychology, medicine, neurobiology, linguistics, computer science, engineering, mathematics, physics, biochemistry, or related fields. The master’s degree should have been awarded by an internationally recognised university. Students nearing completion of their master’s degree are also encouraged to apply. Research experience in an area that is related to the graduate school’s scope is essential for successful candidates. Proficiency in oral and written English is crucial. The IMPRS NeuroCom offers its doctoral students outstanding research opportunities in a very international and multidisciplinary environment. It includes access to state-of-the-art cognitive and imaging neuroscience facilities, e.g. 7T MRI scanner, four 3T MRI scanners including a Connectom MRI scanner equipped with ultra- strong gradients (one of only four worldwide), a 306 channel MEG system, several TMS, TDCS, NIRS, and EEG systems. Research projects and teaching at IMPRS NeuroCom are assigned to four thematic modules (Language and Communication, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, and Neuroimaging Physics and Signal Processing). Our faculty is very interdisciplinary and comprises more than 30 highly- renowned researchers from our participating research organisations performing high-end research related to one of the four modules. Applications will be evaluated by the IMPRS NeuroCom faculty members in two stages. Firstly, candidates will be selected for interviews based on their written applications, with a focus on academic qualifications, personal references, research experience and interests, and suitability to the programme. Secondly, interviews with the IMPRS NeuroCom faculty members will take place in January 2021. The Max Planck Society is an equal opportunity employer and is committed to increasing the number of individuals with disabilities in its workforce and therefore encourages applications from such qualified individuals. Salary is based on the guidelines of the German public sector pay scale (TVöD). With almost 600,000 inhabitants, Leipzig is the largest city in the federal state of Saxony. In more than 800 years of recorded history, Leipzig emerged as a city of classical music, trade fairs, academic education, and —recently—modern arts. With its many parks, forests, canals and lakes, Leipzig is a perfect place for recreation, sports, and leisure time, and it offers plenty of opportunities for social life. Only recently Leipzig was listed by the New York Times as one of the 52 places to go in 2020. For more information about our graduate school please visit: http://imprs-neurocom.mpg.de/home/ . -- ************************************************************************** Prof. Dr. Martin Bogdan Institut für Informatik Neuromorphe Informationsverarbeitung Universität Leipzig Augustusplatz 10 D-04109 Leipzig Germany Postadresse: PF 100920 D-04009 Leipzig Tel: (++49) 341 97 32208 Fax: (++49) 341 97 32252 E-mail: bogdan(a)informatik.uni-leipzig.de https://ti.informatik.uni-leipzig.de/ ************************************************************************** Denken Sie selbst, sonst tuen es Maschinen für Sie! 'Nihil est ab omni parte beatum' (Horaz) El problema de la humanidad es que los estúpidos están seguros de todo y los inteligentes están llenos de dudas **************************************************************************

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Postdoctoral Position in Cognitive Robotics at UC Irvine
by Jeffrey Krichmar 22 Sep '20

22 Sep '20

Dear Colleagues, We have an opening for a postdoctoral scholar position in the Cognitive Anteater Robotics Laboratory (CARL) at the University of California, Irvine. The position is for research projects on neurobiologically inspired models of navigation, which are to be implemented on indoor and outdoor robots. Applicants should have a strong computer science background, robotics experience, as well as an interest in neuroscience and/or cognitive science. The specific Federally funded projects include: · Cognitive Maps in Rats, Robots and Men · Advantages of Varying Navigational Abilities in Humans and Robots More information about the lab, recent publications, software, and videos can be found at: · http://www.socsci.uci.edu/~jkrichma · https://www.youtube.com/user/cognitiveroboticsuci/videos Interested candidates can find specific application requirements and the online application for this position at: · https://recruit.ap.uci.edu/JPF06408 Your cover letter should specify that you are interested in the postdoctoral position with Jeff Krichmar. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me at: jkrichma(a)uci.edu About UCI (www.uci.edu) In 1965, the University of California, Irvine was founded with a mission to catalyze the community and enhance lives through rigorous academics, cutting-edge research, and dedicated public service. Today, we draw on the unyielding spirit of our pioneering faculty, staff and students who arrived on campus with a dream to inspire change and generate new ideas. We believe that true progress is made when different perspectives come together to advance our understanding of the world around us. And we enlighten our communities and point the way to a better future. At UCI, we shine brighter. Jeff Krichmar Department of Cognitive Sciences 2328 Social & Behavioral Sciences Gateway University of California, Irvine Irvine, CA 92697-5100 jkrichma(a)uci.edu http://www.socsci.uci.edu/~jkrichma

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[Call for Papers] Shared Visual Representations in Human and Machine Intelligence (SVRHM) NeurIPS 2020 Workshop
by SVRHM Workshop 22 Sep '20

22 Sep '20

The goal of the Second Workshop on Shared Visual Representations in Human and Machine Intelligence (SVRHM) at NeurIPS 2020 is to discuss and disseminate relevant findings and parallels between the computational neuro/cognitive science and machine learning/artificial intelligence communities. In the past few years, machine learning tools — especially deep neural networks — have permeated the vision/cognitive/neuro science communities to become the leading computational models that describe many cognitive tasks. Huge strides are also being made in the machine learning/artificial intelligence community with biologically inspired algorithms providing large efficiency gains in both computational and learning capabilities. However, many mysteries remain with regards to the alignment of human and machine perception, and there are cases where we see divergent rather than convergent representations. To resolve such questions, this workshop aims to bring fruitful discussions between scientists and engineers with multi-disciplinary backgrounds to review the recent progress in shared visual representations in both humans and machines, and in doing so identifying road-blocks and areas of interest to further accelerate the growth of both fields. The workshop will include a series of talks and panel discussions from a diverse group of speakers from both industry and academia who will share their research at the intersection of humans and machines that pushes the field of vision forward. The aim of our Call for Papers is to bring together scientists and engineers to share their work in progress at the Poster Session that are applicable to the scope of the Workshop. For the first time this year, the 4 highest scoring papers will also be awarded an Oral Presentation entry in the program. The following areas provide a sense of suitable topics for 4-5 page paper submissions: - Biological inspiration and inductive bias in vision - Human-relevant strategies for robustness and generalization - New datasets (e.g., for comparing humans/animals and machines) - Biologically-driven self-supervision - Perceptual invariance and metamerism - Biologically-informed strategies to mitigate adversarial vulnerability - Foveation, active perception, and attention models - Intuitive physics - Biologically inspired Generative Models - Perceptual and cognitive robustness - Nuances and noise in perceptual and cognitive systems - Creative problem-solving - Differences and similarities between humans and deep neural networks - Canonical computations in biological and artificial systems - Alternative architectures for deep neural networks - Reverse engineering of the human visual system via deep neural networks We will be awarding a new *NVIDIA Titan RTX* *3080* as the *Diversity in AI Best Paper Award* and an *Oculus Quest* *2* as the *Breakthrough in Biologically-Driven Generative Models Award* respectively at the conference. Link to the workshop with additional details for the Call for Papers: https://www.svrhm.com https://www.svrhm.com/call-for-papers Link to Paper workshop submission: https://openreview.net/group?id=NeurIPS.cc/2020/Workshop/SVRHM The submission deadline is October 4th, 2020. Questions regarding the workshop should be sent to: svrhm2020(a)gmail.com Sincerely, The Organizers Arturo Deza, Joshua Peterson, Apruva Ratan Murty, Tom Griffiths The SVRHM workshop is currently sponsored by MIT’s Center from Brains, Minds and Machines (CBMM), National Science Foundation (NSF), NVIDIA, Facebook Reality Labs (Oculus) and MIT’s Quest for Intelligence.

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Full Prof Post in AI
by Thomas Wennekers 21 Sep '20

21 Sep '20

Dear All Please have a look at the following advertisement for a Professorship in AI at the University of Plymouth (UK). https://hrservices.plymouth.ac.uk/tlive_webrecruitment/wrd/run/ETREC107GF.o… https://www.jobs.ac.uk/job/CBH704/professor-in-artificial-intelligence-mach… Stay Well! Thomas Wennekers ________________________________ [http://www.plymouth.ac.uk/images/email_footer.gif]<http://www.plymouth.ac.uk/worldclass> This email and any files with it are confidential and intended solely for the use of the recipient to whom it is addressed. If you are not the intended recipient then copying, distribution or other use of the information contained is strictly prohibited and you should not rely on it. If you have received this email in error please let the sender know immediately and delete it from your system(s). Internet emails are not necessarily secure. While we take every care, University of Plymouth accepts no responsibility for viruses and it is your responsibility to scan emails and their attachments. University of Plymouth does not accept responsibility for any changes made after it was sent. Nothing in this email or its attachments constitutes an order for goods or services unless accompanied by an official order form.

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