Dear Colleagues, please consider submitting a research article/review to the special issue of *Entropy* <https://www.mdpi.com/journal/entropy> “*Probabilistic Inference in Goal-Directed Human and Decision-Making*”. This special issue aims to focus on recent computational, methodological, algorithmic advances regarding inferential processing in decision-making with particular attention on efficiency and biological plausibility. Topics include: - *computational and neuronal circuits* involved in goal-directed decision making, with a focus on the inferential mechanisms; - *novel probabilistic models and methods* in decision making including information-theory approaches, statistical and free-energy minimization, hierarchical models, deep networks - *decision-making applications* in ethological, social, psychological, psychiatric, robotics, and computer science research. *Entropy <https://www.mdpi.com/journal/entropy>* is an online open access interdisciplinary peer-reviewed journal of growing popularity providing an advanced forum for the development and/or application of entropic and information-theoretic studies in a wide variety of applications. Author Benefits: - *Open Access*: free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions. -* High visibility*: indexed by the Science Citation Index Expanded (Web of Science), MathSciNet (AMS), Inspec (IET), Scopus and other databases. - *Rapid publication*: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision provided to authors approximately 19.1 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 5 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2018). More information on the special issue website: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/entropy/special_issues/probabilistic_inference Looking forward to your contributions Dr. Francesco Donnarumma <francesco.donnarumma@istc.cnr.it> Dr. Domenico Maisto <domenico.maisto@icar.cnr.it> Dr. Ivilin Stoianov <ivilin.stoianov@istc.cnr.it> Guest Editors